The article discusses changes in the public spaces of the largest Russian cities over the first twenty years of the 21st century, associated with the emergence of new forms of social life in post-Soviet society. The author analyzes public spaces from the point of view of their functioning as social structures, places of communication, communication, exchanges, and interactions. The most clearly named transformations are observed in the change in the functional hierarchy of public spaces. A new phenomenon in Russian cities has been the formation of public spaces where sign-markers of local identity and attachment to the history and culture of a particular area are placed
Птичникова et al. (Mon,) studied this question.