Research on Energy Consumption Optimization Strategies of Robot Joints Based on NSGA-II and Energy Consumption Mapping

Robot energy consumption is a prominent challenge in intelligent manufacturing and construction. Reducing energy consumption during robot trajectory execution is an urgent issue requiring immediate attention. In view of the shortcomings of traditional trajectory optimization methods, this paper proposes a multi-objective trajectory optimization method that combines energy consumption mapping with the NSGA-II, aiming to reduce robots’ trajectory energy consumption and optimize execution efficiency. By establishing a dynamic energy consumption model, energy consumption mapping is employed to constrain energy consumption within the robot’s workspace, thereby providing guidance for the optimization process. Simultaneously, with energy consumption minimization and time consumption as optimization objectives, the NSGA-II is utilized to obtain the Pareto-optimal solution set through non-dominated sorting and congestion distance calculation. Energy consumption mapping serves as a dynamic feedback mechanism during the optimization process, guiding the distribution of trajectory points towards low-energy-consumption regions, accelerating algorithm convergence, and enhancing the quality of the solution set. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce robots’ trajectory energy consumption and achieve an effective balance between energy consumption and time consumption. Compared with the conventional NSGA-II normalized weighted function method in similar task scenarios, the robot can save 14.87% and 10.47% of its energy consumption, respectively. Compared with traditional methods, this method exhibits superior energy-saving performance and adaptability in complex task environments, providing a novel solution for the efficient trajectory planning of robots.