Demographic Trends Affecting the Pension System and Social Protection of Senior Citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The relevance of research. Demographic changes in Kazakhstan, especially the aging of the population, put increased pressure on the pension system and social protection mechanisms for senior citizens, whose transformations require not only solving current socio-economic problems, but also integrating long-term strategic planning to ensure the sustainability of pension provision and social services. The topic is relevant due to the growing number of pension recipients, increasing life expectancy and the need for innovative solutions in the field of medical and social support for the elderly. The purpose of the study is to study demographic changes affecting the pension system and social protection of senior citizens in Kazakhstan, identify the main factors affecting their quality of life, and analyze the role of medical and social services in ensuring a sustainable standard of living for the elderly. The research hypothesis. It is assumed that demographic shifts towards the aging of the population will continue to increase the burden on the pension system of Kazakhstan, making the modernization of social protection mechanisms and the integration of medical and social services necessary for sustainable socio-economic development. Design/methodology. The study uses data extrapolation, statistical analysis, and comparative numerical analysis to assess trends in the number of senior citizens, pension recipients, and the dynamics of social protection measures. The methodological approach combines demographic modeling with socio-economic assessment, providing a comprehensive view of the changes affecting the pension system. The results of the study. A steady increase in the number of pension recipients was revealed, indicating an increase in social security costs regardless of pension rate adjustments. There is also a noticeable increase in the proportion of senior citizens who continue to work. These results highlight the dual task of supporting retirees and at the same time creating conditions for active aging and the participation of older people in the workforce. Conclusion. The study confirms the hypothesis and highlights the need to modernize pension provision and social protection mechanisms by introducing innovative approaches, improving the effectiveness of medical and social services and implementing best international practices, contributing to ensuring the financial stability of the pension system and improving the quality of life of older citizens.