Models of innovative and investment development of farms in the context of ecological economics

This work was aimed at analysing modern approaches to the development of farms through the lens of innovation and investment, as well as examining the impact on sustainable development and the environmental aspects of the economy. The study explored the concept of sustainable development in the agricultural sector, particularly in the context of Ukraine, where there was significant potential for its implementation due to the presence of fertile land and favourable climatic conditions. It was found that capital investment in the agricultural sector decreased to UAH 12.6 billion in 2023, followed by a slight increase to UAH 15.2 billion in 2024. The research highlighted the need to move away from traditional agriculture based on chemical fertilisers and pesticides towards sustainable methods, such as organic farming, bioenergy, and precision agriculture, which allowed for resource optimisation and a reduction in negative environmental impact. In particular, spending on environmental protection in agriculture increased to UAH 1,007.3 million in 2023, indicating greater attention to the restoration of natural resources. It was revealed that the main barriers to the implementation of sustainable practices remained the low level of digitalisation, insufficient financial support, and institutional constraints. Based on the results obtained, several promising areas for development were identified, such as the expansion of the circular economy, the implementation of precision agriculture, and the stimulation of investment in renewable energy sources. The findings emphasised the need for active state support, the creation of a favourable investment environment, and the development of scientific research to ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Strategies aimed at improving infrastructure, preserving natural resources, and increasing the efficiency of agricultural production could serve as the foundation for the creation of a resilient agricultural system capable of adapting to global challenges such as climate change and population growth