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October 2, 2025

Dual Proton–Electron Conductivity in 2D Azaborine Metal–Organic Frameworks

Key Points

Cu3TABC2 exhibits an electronic conductivity of 6.0 × 10-2 S/cm, emphasizing its potential in energy applications.
The study introduces two new mixed conductors, which also achieved ionic conductivities around 1.6 ± 0.1 × 10-5 S/cm.
The synthesized frameworks utilize a new azaborine ligand, enabling effective ion transport in 2D structures.
Incorporating mobile protons into aromatic ligands opens up pathways for advanced conductive materials.

Abstract

Dual proton-electron conductors are highly sought after for applications in electronics and energy storage. Whereas two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (2D MOFs) with high electrical conductivity are now numerous, introducing conduits for ion transport in these is challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of two new mixed electron-proton conductors, M3TABC2 (M = Cu, Zn; TABC = hexahydroxy-1,5,9-triaza-2,6,10-trihydroxyboracoronene), made from a new conjugated azaborine ligand with mobile protons. Cu3TABC2 and Zn3TABC2 show high electronic conductivities of 6.0 × 10-2 S/cm and 2.2 × 10-4 S/cm, and ionic conductivities of 1.6 ± 0.1 × 10-5 S/cm and 1.9 ± 0.4 × 10-5 S/cm, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates the incorporation of mobile protons into aromatic ligands as a strategy for enabling mixed conductivity in 2D MOFs.

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