MiR-204 Inhibits Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration Through Targeting HMGB1 Expression

Thyroid cancer incidence is rising globally, yet early diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of initial symptoms, highlighting the need for novel molecular targets. miR-204, a tumor-suppressive microRNA downregulated in various cancers, has unclear mechanisms in thyroid cancer. This study explored how miR-204 affects thyroid cancer cell behavior by targeting high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). Tumor and adjacent tissues from 40 thyroid cancer patients (Feb 2019–June 2021) and multiple thyroid cancer cell lines (TPC-1, NPA87, FTC133) were analyzed. miR-204 was significantly downregulated in cancer tissues and cells (P < 0.05), with the lowest expression in FTC133 cells. These cells were transfected and divided into experimental groups (e.g., miR-204 mimics, inhibitors, si-HMGB1). Overexpression of miR-204 suppressed proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in FTC133 cells, while its inhibition had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). Luciferase assays confirmed HMGB1 as a direct target of miR-204. HMGB1 knockdown reduced proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis, effects reversed by miR-204 inhibition (P < 0.05). In summary, miR-204 inhibits thyroid cancer cell progression and promotes apoptosis, likely by directly targeting HMGB1, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.