Integration of ECG and Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Wellens’ Syndrome with Acute Heart Failure: A Case Report

Introduction: Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) remains an essential diagnostic tool for patients presenting with chest pain. Timely recognition of specific electrocardiographic patterns is critical for guiding reperfusion strategies and predicting adverse outcomes. Among these, Wellens’ pattern is a high-risk marker of critical left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis and an impending anterior myocardial infarction. Although typically described in clinically stable patients without heart failure, its occurrence in the setting of acute decompensation is rare. Case Report: We report the case of a 66-year-old male with hypertension, obesity, and active smoking who presented with exertional chest pain, dyspnea, and signs of acute heart failure. Initial ECG revealed biphasic T waves in V2–V4, consistent with type A Wellens’ pattern. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated elevated troponin I, while point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) identified systolic and diastolic dysfunction, lateral wall hypokinesia, pericardial effusion, and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The patient received acute management with antiplatelet therapy, statins, diuretics, and anticoagulation, followed by referral for coronary angiography. This revealed critical stenosis (>90%) of the proximal LAD, successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and drug-eluting stent implantation. The in-hospital course was uneventful, and guideline-directed medical therapy was optimized at discharge, including dual antiplatelet therapy, beta-blocker, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor, and SGLT2 inhibitor. Conclusions: This case highlights the need for early recognition of Wellens’ pattern, even in atypical contexts such as acute heart failure. Integrating ECG interpretation with bedside POCUS facilitated diagnostic accuracy and guided an early invasive strategy, preventing extensive myocardial infarction. In resource-limited settings, strengthening frontline diagnostic capabilities and referral networks is crucial to improving patient outcomes.