Current approaches to tuberculosis therapy. Review of pharmacology of anti-tuberculosis drugs

Tuberculosis remains a global public health threat, claiming 1.3 million lives annually. Drug-resistant forms pose a particular danger, with their share in Russia reaching 25-30%. Modern diagnostics employ molecular genetic methods (PCR, NAAT) and immunological tests (IGRA), but late detection remains a key problem. Treatment is based on long-term combination therapy: first-line drugs for sensitive forms, and new agents (bedaquiline, delamanid) – for resistant ones. The prospects lie in the development of more effective and safer chemotherapy regimens. Prevention includes vaccination and chemoprophylaxis of contacts. Improving diagnostics, expanding access to treatment, and strengthening epidemiological surveillance are necessary to achieve the WHO goals. The solution to the problem requires a comprehensive approach that combines medical, social, and organizational measures.