Serum Sphingolipid and Glycerophospholipid Synthesis, Especially Phosphatidylinositol/Lysophosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylglycerol/Lysophosphatidylglycerol, and Ceramides, Are Significantly Influenced by Diabetes Mellitus and Associated with Its Complications

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent metabolic disorder, causes severe complications and economic burden, requiring effective therapeutic strategies. While triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) have been widely studied in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related cardiovascular risks, the roles of other lipids, such as sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate their involvement in T2DM and its complications. Methods: We examined sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid profiles in T2DM patients to assess alterations associated with diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Results: Patients with T2DM showed significant modulations in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid levels, suggesting these lipids contribute to metabolic dysregulation and progression of diabetes-related complications. Conclusions: Alterations in sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids play a critical role in T2DM, indicating their potential as novel targets for therapeutic intervention and risk mitigation in patients with diabetes and its complications.