Managing financial risks associated with intellectual property in the context of digital transformation and global competition

The subject of the study is the financial risks that arise in the process of creating, using, protecting, and commercializing intellectual property (IP) in a rapidly developing digital economy and increasing global competition. The paper analyzes the essence of IP as a key financial asset, examines its unique characteristics – the complexity of valuation, the uncertainty of useful life and high volatility of value. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of financial risks under the influence of the digital environment, manifested in the acceleration of technological cycles, the expansion of channels for unauthorized use of IP (including AI-generated violations), the emergence of new IP objects (data, AI algorithms) and changing models of its monetization. Risks caused by global competition are also being studied, such as differences in international legal regulation, the need for constant updating of the IP portfolio, and evaluation features in international projects. The research is based on system and financial analysis, risk management theory, economic and mathematical modeling for damage forecasting, comparative analysis of current Russian and international practice, as well as expert assessments. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a refined classification of financial risks of IP, which, unlike previous researches, comprehensively takes into account the specific challenges of the digital environment (risks associated with AI-generated content, blockchain technologies, cyber piracy) and globalization. A comprehensive financial-centered management model is proposed, which for the first time includes a justification for the need to differentiate risk assessment and management methods according to industry specifics and the scale of companies' activities. Based on the analysis of statistical data on the Russian practice of using and protecting IP, the effectiveness of specialized financial instruments (specialized insurance, securitization of IP) to minimize losses is shown. The main conclusions are the confirmation that IP has become a high-risk financial asset, and the demonstration that ignoring its risks leads to systematic distortion of financial statements and erroneous management decisions.