Mobile-Based Learning and STEM Education in Nigerian Classrooms: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century

The integration of mobile-based learning in education presents a transformative opportunity to bridge critical gaps in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education within Nigerian classrooms. With the increasing penetration of mobile devices and internet connectivity, mobile learning platforms offer innovative avenues to deliver STEM content, especially in underserved and rural communities. This paper explores the role of mobile-based learning in enhancing STEM education in Nigeria by examining its potential to increase accessibility, promote student engagement, and support teachers with digital tools and resources. Drawing from current initiatives, government policies, and case studies, the study highlights the educational benefits of using mobile technology, such as interactive learning, personalized content delivery and real-time feedback mechanisms. However, several challenges persist, including inadequate infrastructure, high costs of data, digital illiteracy and limited policy support. The paper also discusses practical strategies for overcoming these obstacles through public-private partnerships, infrastructure development, educator training and supportive regulatory frameworks. It concludes by emphasizing the need for a multi-stakeholder approach to fully harness the potential of mobile-based learning to advance STEM education in Nigeria. This research contributes to ongoing discussions about the future of education in Africa and offers strategic insights for policymakers, educators and technology developers aiming to improve learning outcomes through digital innovations.