The relationship between Kazakhs, Cossacks and the Russian administration on the Siberian border in the 19th century

The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the relations between the Kazakhs of the Middle Zhuz, the Siberian Cossacks and the Russian border administration in the 19th century. It is important to note that many materials on this topic have not yet been fully introduced into scientific circulation. Russian Russians and Siberian Cossacks, as part of the Russian people and Kazakhs, and in a broader sense Slavs and Turks, are still relevant in Kazakhstan and Russia, and need an unbiased study and rethinking in connection with new conceptual approaches formed in the post-Soviet period. Archival sources revealing the nature of the relationship between the Cossacks, Russians and Kazakhs on the Siberian border, the activities of the Russian administration in the Middle Zhuz are collected in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA), the State Archive of the Tomsk Re-gion (GATO), the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region (IAOO), the State Archive of the Orenburg Region in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Almaty (CGA RK), as well as in the State Archive of Astana city of the Republic of Kazakhstan (GAGA RK). The author explores the interaction and conflicts of Kazakhs, Cossacks and the Russian administration on the Siberian border. In addition, the principle of consistency was used, which made it pos-sible to consider the administrative-territorial and political transformations in the territory of the Middle Zhuz, the rela-tionship of the Siberian Cossacks with the Kazakhs as a long historical process. The author comes to the conclusion that the interaction of Kazakhs, Siberian Cossacks and the Russian border administration helped to solve the long-standing problems of Kazakh society: barantа (cattle rustling), inter-tribal disputes, conflicts over the ways of nomadism. The Russian administration has also taken a number of effective measures to successfully incorporate Kazakhs who moved to the empire, protect their rights and economic opportunities. At the same time, conflicts between ethnic groups were not systemic in nature, they were often caused by external factors, namely the influence of foreign powers.