Prospects and challenges of the entrepreneurial orientation of Saudi students: A case study

This study investigates the entrepreneurial orientation of Saudi university students in light of rising youth unemployment and the national economic diversification goals outlined in Vision 2030. It aims to identify the key personal, academic, family, and labor market-related factors influencing students' reluctance to pursue entrepreneurship as a career path. A descriptive-analytical method was applied to data collected from 202 students at Majmaah University, representing Business Administration and Human Resource Management tracks. A structured questionnaire covering 19 criteria was used. Statistical techniques, including t-tests, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis, were employed to evaluate determinants of entrepreneurial orientation and to compare the two groups. The results show that fear of failure is the most significant barrier to entrepreneurial orientation, followed by a lack of entrepreneurial culture and limited awareness of support mechanisms. Business Administration students were more affected by fear of failure, whereas Human Resource Management students were more influenced by cultural constraints and job market challenges. The findings highlight variations in how different academic tracks perceive barriers to entrepreneurship. Enhancing entrepreneurial education, fostering a risk-tolerant culture, and raising awareness about existing support mechanisms are essential steps to encourage youth entrepreneurship. Addressing psychological, cultural, and structural barriers is critical to enabling students to consider self-employment as a viable career path. The study provides insights for policymakers, educators, and support institutions. Universities should integrate practical entrepreneurship training and mentorship into curricula. Policymakers are encouraged to expand and simplify access to support and financing mechanisms, while incubation centers should tailor interventions to address students' specific barriers, particularly fear of failure and job market uncertainties. These measures can promote youth entrepreneurship, reduce unemployment, and contribute to sustainable economic growth in Saudi Arabia.