Digital transformation of the banking sector in Кazakhstan: historical evolution and key drivers

This article examines the digital transformation of the banking sector in Kazakhstan, focusing on the historical evolution of digital transformation and key technology drivers. By examining the trends, technologies, and challenges shaping modern financial institutions, this study systematically examines the revolutionary impact of digital transformation on the banking industry. In the context of global digitalization, Kazakhstan has demonstrated rapid adaptation of banking technologies, moving from traditional operations to flexible technology platforms. The study uses qualitative research methods, including analytical, systems, and integrative approaches. It shows how new technologies such as blockchain, digital wallets, artificial intelligence, and machine learning play a key role in improving customer experience, operational efficiency, and access to financial services. The study analyzes digital payment methods and card transaction patterns from 2019 to 2024, demonstrating a significant increase in the number of cashless transactions and widespread integration of online and mobile banking services. The results indicate that the banking industry in Kazakhstan, in addition to meeting international digital trends, is actively developing its own innovative environment. The explanation of digital banking development in Kazakhstan presented in the study highlights its scientific relevance. In practice, the results of the study provide financial institutions, fintech companies and policymakers with strategic ideas to improve digital accessibility, efficiency and competitiveness of the banking sector. The policy recommendations presented in this paper, aimed at promoting sustainable development of digital finance in our country, demonstrate their practical value