Preparation of Hierarchically Structured Perlite NPs/Metformin–Co (II) System to Catalyze the Green Synthesis of Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines

This study presents an innovative heterogeneous nanocatalytic system designed through a multistep synthetic approach involving the surface functionalization of perlite nanoparticles (Perlite NPs/Met‐Co(II)). Comprehensive characterization using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis, and brunauer‐emmett‐teller (BET) analyses confirms the successful formation of a hierarchically structured catalyst. The catalyst enables efficient one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines in water (100 °C, 5 mg loading), yielding 87–95% in 30–60 min. The presented method adhering to green principles and also recyclability (6 cycles) and synergistic performance provides an atom‐economic platform for sustainable heterocycle synthesis.