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October 8, 2025Open Access

A feasibility assessment of low-carbon concrete containing calcined clay and granite powder or dolomitic limestone in Burkina Faso

PNPhilbert NshimiyimanaInternational Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering AKAnnicette Kouspare KadereBurkina Faso Ministry of the Environment, Green Economy, and Climate Change ISIliassou Nouhoun SalouInternational Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering

Key Points

The optimal low-carbon concrete mixture achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 35 MPa, indicating its potential performance.
Utilizing metakaolin and granite powder significantly improved concrete strength and durability compared to traditional methods.
A 30% reduction in CO₂ emissions was observed with the most effective concrete formulation while maintaining target strength.
The findings support the development of low-carbon concrete as a sustainable solution for local construction needs.

Abstract

Abstract The development of low-carbon concrete (LCC) is crucial for reducing the large carbon footprint of the construction sector. This study assesses the feasibility of producing such LCC in Burkina Faso by utilizing local resources. It designs a class C25/30 concrete, containing 330kg of cement per m3, where ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced (up to 50%) with a mix of calcined metakaolin clay (30%) and granite powder or dolomitic limestone (10–20%). Results show that the synergy between metakaolin and granite powder significantly improves performance. The optimal mixture, 60C30M10G, achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 35 MPa, representing a 35% increase over the reference concrete, while also enhancing tensile strength and resistance to acid attack and water absorption. This is due to a densified microstructure resulting from pozzolanic reactions and filler effects. Furthermore, the 50C30M20G formulation reduced CO₂ emissions by 30% while still meeting the target strength class. In contrast, dolomitic limestone provided a modest improvement. This study confirms the potential for high-performance, low-carbon concrete adapted for the West African context, aligning the circular economy with sustainable infrastructure development.

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