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A Horizon Scanning process was undertaken to identify and prioritize future One Health (OH) research needs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on Africa and Asia. Through a multi-phase participatory process comprising multilingual global surveys to gather and prioritize OH issues of importance, thematic analysis to cluster priorities, online and in-person workshops to discuss and add context to priorities, over 400 contributors reported cross-sectoral research priorities in human, animal, plant, and environmental health. A modified Delphi method, involving extensive input from a group of 11 people with expertise in a board spectrum of OH areas, produced a final set of 56 priority questions, five of which emerged as globally critical: integrated surveillance systems; the role of climate change in disease emergence; governance for OH coordination; antimicrobial resistance (AMR); and socio-environmental drivers of disease. While some priorities had global consensus, others varied regionally, reflecting contextual epidemiological and structural realities. Participants from Africa and Asia prioritized AMR and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH); Europe prioritized governance; Oceania prioritized indigenous knowledge; and South America prioritized community-led strategies. Key cross-cutting challenges included the challenge of fragmented surveillance data, insufficient environmental health integration, and weak policy translation. The findings will inform a roadmap for OH research investment and an interactive tool to support regional prioritization.
Petrokofsky et al. (Tue,) studied this question.