Women’s Livelihoods and Challenges in Traditional Mahua Liquor Production: A Study of Tribal Forest-Fringe Communities in Purulia District, West Bengal

Traditional Mahua liquor production in the forest-fringe villages of Purulia district, West Bengal, serves as both a cultural practice and a crucial source of livelihood for women. This study investigates women’s participation in Mahua flower collection, fermentation, and liquor production, and assesses their socio-economic contribution using quantitative measures. Data were collected through household surveys, structured interviews, and focus group discussions across 120 tribal households. Statistical indices, including the Participation Index (PI) and Economic Contribution Index (ECI), were employed to quantify women’s involvement and income contribution. Results reveal that women contribute over 72% of labor in collection and processing, with an average monthly income of INR 2,500–3,000 derived from Mahua products. Key challenges identified include seasonal dependency, limited market access, quality adulteration, and ecological constraints affecting flower availability. The study underscores the need for integrating traditional knowledge with sustainable harvesting practices and market support policies to enhance women’s economic empowerment, preserve cultural heritage, and maintain forest ecosystem balance.