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October 9, 2025Open Access

Reference Materials of the Synthetic Sweeteners Aspartame and Acesulfame Potassium

AKA. I. KrylovD.I. Mendeleyev All-Russian Institute for Metrology AMA. Yu. MikheevaD.I. Mendeleyev All-Russian Institute for Metrology ELE. M. LopushanskayaD.I. Mendeleyev All-Russian Institute for Metrology

Key Points

The study shows that new reference materials for aspartame and acesulfame potassium exhibit metrological traceability, ensuring compliance with safety standards.
Characterization methods indicated a main component mass fraction of 96.2% for aspartame and 99.98% for acesulfame potassium, demonstrating high purity.
Research involved high-resolution mass spectrometry and various chromatography methods, including gas and liquid chromatography for impurity measurement.
The development of domestic materials supports Russia's technological sovereignty and aims to replace reliable foreign analogues.

Abstract

Synthetic sweeteners have found widespread application in the national economy, but their use has some limitations. Safe intake levels for aspartame and acesulfame potassium are established by the recommendations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Compliance with safety requirements can be ensured by controlling the content of sweeteners in food products. In Russia, measurements performed in accordance with GOST standards and certified methods, for which reference materials are essential. The presented research was conducted with the aim of replacing foreign reference materials with domestically produced reference materials to ensure measurement uniformity for the purpose of Russia’s technological sovereignty. The publication contains information on the development of new types of reference materials for the composition of the synthetic sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame potassium, which are metrologically traceable to the State Primary Standard of units of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution and gravimetry GET 208–2024. Identification of the main component in the reference material was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Characterization of the reference materials was carried out using the mass balance method. The content of related compound impurities was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array UV detector; the content of volatile organic compound impurities was measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector; water content was determined by Karl Fischer coulometric titration. The content of non-volatile impurities was measured by gravimetry for aspartame and microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry for acesulfame potassium. The homogeneity and long-term stability of the reference materials were studied. The metrological characteristics of the new domestically produced reference materials demonstrate parity with foreign analogues: the mass fraction of the main component in the pure aspartame is (96.2 ± 0.3)%; the mass fraction of the main component in the pure acesulfame potassium is (99.98 ± 0.01)%.

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