Background: Reliable predictors of treatment response in heart failure have been long awaited. Assessment of myocardial DNA damage has been shown to be able to precisely predict reverse remodeling. Myocardial DNA damage-related serum exosomal microRNAs, if any, may serve as a non-invasive predictor for reverse remodeling in heart failure. Methods: We screened patients who were diagnosed as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) regardless of etiologies and cryopreserved their sera. We next performed 1:1 matching for age, sex, etiology, and left ventricular ejection fraction to determine the analysis cohort. In this cohort, for those who underwent endomyocardial biopsy, we assessed myocardial DNA damage using immunostaining of γ-H2A.X, and extracted RNAs from the exosomes isolated from their sera, on which we performed small RNA-sequencing. MicroRNAs whose read frequency were correlated with γ-H2A.X-positive nuclei proportion (%γ-H2A.X), as defined by a Spearman's ρ > 0.4 or 0.4 or < -0.4 (red dots in Figure 1A). Validation using RT-qPCR in the entire matched analysis cohort revealed that miR-x had a remarkable negative correlation with %γ-H2A.X and differed between patients with and without LVRR at 1-year (Figure 1B). Expression level of serum exosomal miR-x was identified as a predominant predictor for 1-year LVRR by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusions: Measurement of expression levels of serum exosomal microRNAs offers a novel non-invasive approach for prediction of treatment response in HFrEF. Serum exosomal miR-x, negatively correlated with myocardial DNA damage, was indicated as a promising predictor for LVRR. Further investigations focusing on the function of miR-x and its potential as a therapeutic target are ongoing.
Dai et al. (Fri,) studied this question.