Introduction: Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) is a commensal that mainly colonizes in the microflora of the genitourinary tracts and is associated with urogenital tract infections. There are reports of central nervous system (CNS) infections in neonates caused by M. hominis. Nevertheless, M. hominis CNS infections in non-neonatal patients are extremely rare. Herein, we have reported a case of a man who suffered from intracranial infection secondary to M. hominis after neurosurgical operation. Additionally, we reviewed the relevant published literature to raise awareness on such infections and highlight the importance of proper treatments. Case presentation: A 68-year-old man underwent emergence craniotomy for intracerebellar hemorrhage. He presented with a moderate fever unresponsive to piperacillin-tazobactam on the seventh day after the surgery. His body temperature continued to increase, and he presented with signs of CNS infection. The antimicrobial therapy was switched to meropenem and vancomycin. No obvious reduction in the body temperature was observed. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained previously revealed tiny point colonies which were morphologically consistent with M. hominis and subsequently confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Thus, M. hominis induced intracranial infection was diagnosed, and a combination therapy with moxifloxacin and minocycline was implemented. Fortunately, the patient’s body temperature decreased to normal range after effective antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Based on the lesson of our case and a thorough review of published literature, the possibility of M. hominis induced CNS infections after neurosurgical intervention should not be ignored, especially when there is no response to standard antimicrobial therapy.
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