Teaching Paper: Data Collection Tools – Building Reliable Foundations for Non-Profit Impact Assessment

Effective impact assessment depends on the collection of accurate, reliable, and contextually appropriate data. This Teaching Paper introduces a range of qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, emphasizing their role in strengthening evaluation processes in non-profit organizations. Qualitative tools such as interview guides, focus group frameworks, and observation checklists allow for nuanced understanding of participant experiences, while quantitative instruments such as surveys, data entry software, and mobile data collection applications generate measurable evidence. Drawing on established evaluation literature, the paper provides practical notes for applying these tools in diverse organizational contexts, including low-resource environments. A case study illustrates how combining qualitative and quantitative approaches can enhance program evaluation. Reflection questions, common challenges, and academic framing ensure that this resource is relevant both for practitioners and for scholars of monitoring and evaluation.