Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Infant: A Case Report

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic parasitic infection transmitted by infected sandflies. Classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), it is severe condition with a high mortality rate in untreated cases, particularly affecting malnourished and immunosuppressed populations. Diagnosis depends on clinical and laboratory examinations, with hallmark findings such as fever, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. This case describes the rapid progression of visceral leishmaniasis in a 7-month-old infant, culminating in death, and underscores the significant challenges in managing pediatric cases. Addressing these challenges requires timely diagnosis and intensive intervention to prevent severe complications and improving outcomes. In endemic regions, reducing mortality necessitates healthcare system preparedness, early detection of cases in vulnerable populations, and heightened clinical awareness among healthcare professionals.