OCT and OCTA quantitative metrics for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is characterised by distinctive polypoidal lesions, recurrent serosanguineous retinal pigment detachments and branched neovascular networks. The incidence of PCV is notably higher among Asian populations, leading to inferior clinical outcomes in the absence of intervention. The relationship between PCV and neovascular age-related macular degeneration remains a controversial. The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) technologies has revolutionised our approach to understanding PCV pathogenesis. Innovative OCT and OCTA biomarkers, including double layer sign, the sign of polyps, vessel density, the diameter of choroidal vessels, choroidal vascularity index, and choroidal vortex have emerged as critical imaging parameters for elucidating the pathological intricacies of PCV. Quantitative analysis of the choroid has become an essential adjunct for investigating the mechanisms underlying PCV. This comprehensive review encapsulates the array of quantitative OCT and OCTA biomarkers vital for the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of this complex ocular condition.