Assessing Public Awareness and Practices Related to Environmental Health and Disease Prevention in Saudi Arabia: A Survey-Based Study

Objective: To assess the level of public awareness, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding environmental health and disease prevention among residents of Saudi Arabia, and to identify associated sociodemographic factors. Methods:A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted involving 1,169 participants aged 18 years and older from both urban and rural areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Results:Most participants (94.2%) exhibited a moderate level of environmental health awareness. Only 1.5% scored in the high category. Positive attitudes were widespread, with over 85% believing in their personal role in improving environmental conditions. However, only 15.8% consistently practiced recycling, and 11.5% never took protective measures against pollution. Education and occupation were significantly associated with awareness (p < 0.001), while age, gender, and residency were not. Conclusion:The study reveals a population that is moderately informed and highly receptive to environmental health initiatives, yet limited by inconsistent practices and knowledge gaps. Tailored educational programs and clinician-led interventions are recommended to enhance public environmental literacy and promote sustainable behaviors.