Study of Neurological and Neuropsychological Syndromes of Closed Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-Term

Closed traumatic brain injury (CTBI) is one of the most common types of injuries; it accounts for up to 50 % of all types of injuries. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of brain injuries and their severity. CTBI frequency and severity of its consequences make problem socially significant. CTBI predominantly affects the most socially and labor-active population, namely, young, working-age individuals. In the modern world, due to the increase of armed conflicts and military operations, combat traumatic brain injury leading to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder is becoming more common. Most patients experience short-term or long-term neurological or neuropsychological impairments. After CTBI, 50–90 % of patients continue to experience various neurological manifestations. Moreover, new syndromes develop in the structure of traumatic brain disease, leading to high disability (up to 60 %). In the long-term period of CTBI, the main complaints (10–77 % of cases) are symptoms of a psychoaffective nature (asthenic, depressive, and anxiety syndromes). The place of neuropsychological research in the clinical and instrumental diagnostic complex is determined by the fact that the quality of life and social readaptation of CTBI patients largely depends on maintaining mental health. The purpose of this article is to analyze and summarize the latest data from foreign and domestic literature on neurological and neuropsychological manifestations in the long-term period of CTBI.