Comment on " Second Law of Thermodynamics without Einstein Relation'', arXiv:2405.17142

Key Points

• The proposed single temperature variable lacks consistency and utility in thermodynamics.
• The origins of the Second Law and local temperatures in Markovian theory are critically examined.
• Simple examples illustrate the shortcomings of current thermodynamic formalism in open systems.
• The findings point to the need for more robust models to address non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.