Efficacy of Rehabilitation Interventions in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy to Improve Their Motor Function: Systematic Review

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy due to motor neuron degeneration. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in managing the disease and improving quality of life. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of specific rehabilitation interventions in improving motor function, including muscle strength, lung function, and range of motion, for individuals with SMA. A systematic literature search was conducted in major databases (CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PEDro) from 2014 to 2024 using relevant keywords. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that physical therapy, occupational therapy, and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) combined with physiotherapy demonstrated the most positive effects on gross and fine motor function, muscle strength, and respiratory function in SMA patients. However, the overall quality of evidence was moderate, with key limitations including small sample sizes, high heterogeneity in study design, and lack of blinding in some trials. While rehabilitation interventions show promise, further well-designed randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the evidence base and optimize rehabilitation strategies for this populations.