Medical Volunteering in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This review explored the evolution, motivations, challenges, and impacts of medical volunteering in Saudi Arabia while examining global best practices. Methodology: A systematic review of 24 studies published between 2020 and 2024 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses checklist. A comprehensive search was performed using relevant keywords across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library. Studies were screened, and their quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Data were extracted and thematically analyzed under motivations, barriers, impacts, and policy initiatives. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the combined prevalence of the willingness to volunteer in a medical setting. Results: Out of 167 records, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis estimated a 51.18% willingness to volunteer, with substantial heterogeneity observed across studies ( I ² =99.64%, P < 0.001), thereby justifying the use of a random-effects model. Motivations for medical volunteering in Saudi Arabia were driven by religious values, professional growth, and altruism, particularly during events like the Hajj and the COVID-19 pandemic. Key challenges included time constraints, insufficient training, and safety misconceptions. Initiatives such as the Health Volunteering Platform and National Volunteer Portal successfully mobilized over 100,000 volunteers and seek to engage one million volunteers by 2030. Universities and other organizations played vital roles in integrating volunteering into healthcare education and services. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center has provided global medical aid through over 400 healthcare projects. Quality assessment revealed methodological inconsistencies among studies, highlighting the need for clearer statistical approaches. Conclusions: Medical volunteering contributes significantly to healthcare delivery and professional skill development in Saudi Arabia. Addressing these challenges through structured training, strengthening institutional support, integrating volunteering into medical curricula, financial support, and safety protocols is essential. Leveraging technology, aligning efforts with global best practices, and adopting sustainable strategies will enhance Saudi Arabia’s volunteer ecosystem and align with the Saudi Vision 2030 goals.