The Roper resonance N^* (1440) was discovered by David Roper in 1964 through sophisticated partial-wave analyses of πN scattering data. However the first direct observation of the Roper resonance peak in the πN invariant mass spectrum was only realized 40 years later from the charmonium decay J/ψ pnπ^+ +c. c. at Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The further observations of the Roper resonance production from various charmonium decays helped to reveal its multiquark nature with large σN component.
Bing-Song Zou (Sun,) studied this question.