The attention that exists in modern medieval studies to the study of phenomena of universalism and particularism is rooted in the very nature of medieval civilization. The universalist dimension, defined in late Antiquity by the geographical and cultural boundaries of Pax Romana, co-existed and competed with a variety of particularist constructions of varying degrees of completeness throughout the Middle Ages and early Modern times. The problems related to the boundaries between the universal and the particular are highlighted in the collective monograph “Armenia and Byzantium without Borders. Mobility, Interactions and Responses” edited by E. Bonfiglio. This publication contains the results of the work of a group of Western Armenian scholars conducted in 2018—2023 at the University of Vienna.
Anastasia Palamarchuk (Wed,) studied this question.