Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze how Vietnam's halal economy can be optimized through lessons learned from Indonesia, examine the role of social inclusivity in strengthening cross-cultural cohesion, understand the integration of halal principles with the sustainable development agenda, and propose a model for international collaboration based on co-learning, co-design, and co-investment. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review, field observations in Ho Chi Minh City, and focus group discussions. The research findings reveal that halal serves as a strategic instrument for economic competitiveness, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability. Recommendations include the establishment of a national halal authority, the promotion of environmentally friendly halal practices, and the strengthening of regional halal diplomacy. This study contributes to enriching the literature on halal development in non-Muslim countries while providing practical policy insights for Vietnam and Indonesia. Research Results: The global phenomenon of the halal industry demonstrates its evolution from a normative religious issue to a driver of international economic growth with strong implications for social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. However, a research gap remains as most academic studies focus on Muslim-majority countries, while the potential of non-Muslim countries like Vietnam remains underexplored. This study is crucial to address the urgency of developing Vietnam's halal industry, which has a strong foundation in agriculture, fisheries, coffee, and spices with high export potential. The objectives of this research are to analyze how Vietnam's halal economy can be optimized through lessons learned from Indonesia, examine the role of social inclusivity in strengthening cross-cultural cohesion, understand the integration of halal principles with the sustainable development agenda, and propose a model for international collaboration based on shared learning, co-design, and co-investment.
Yudhi Putro (Wed,) studied this question.