Your abstract must explicitly but briefly describe the objectives of your research article, the methods being used, the findings, and its conclusion (answers to your research objectives). It is advised to write the implication of your research. Your abstract must be between 100- 150 words. Use small caps for the keywords, except for proper nouns or academic terms, in which case you should capitalise their first letters. Replace this placeholder with your abstract, leaving the style as is. The styles for other parts in this template are to be left as how they are presented as well, in that you are required to only replace the placeholders with the corresponding parts of your manuscript, without having to change other parameters whenever possible—or delete some parts that are not necessary.
Wilfa et al. (Wed,) studied this question.