Features of Risk Assessment and Management in Marine Transport Enterprises

The global shipping industry operates in an environment characterized by unexpected disruptions due to the lack of early risk identification and an effective risk management plan. Among the important areas of activity for maritime transport enterprises, risk assessment and management are highlighted. This industry is considered one of the most risky due to the presence of regulatory pressure from international organizations and governments of the world, the inelasticity of supply and demand in the industry, the strong influence of market fluctuations, the presence of significant costs to ensure safety and minimize the impact on the environment. The article aims to investigate the features of risk assessment and management at maritime transport enterprises. To achieve the goal, an analysis and synthesis of scientific sources was carried out, which made it possible to determine that maritime transport risks can be classified into four categories: strategic risk, financial risk, operational risk and traditional risk. According to the main approaches demonstrated in the scientific literature, it is determined that one of the main tools used at the stage of risk assessment is the risk matrix, assessed from two points of view: «risk probability» and «impact» of events. The formation of the matrix gives the enterprise the opportunity to create a basis for further consideration of the consequences of the risk level assessment. The generalization of the main approaches to risk management proved that one of the most important stages in this process is risk response, for which maritime transport companies can use strategies to accept, avoid, reduce, contain and transfer individual risks, assessed on the basis of the risk matrix. The main thing in risk management and assessment is the determination of the actions necessary to reduce high and excessive risks to an acceptable level, as well as the inclusion of these actions in the planning processes of the enterprise, including functional responsibilities, available and necessary resources, and time frames in which there should be the set goal has been achieved. The construction of the risk ranking matrix made it possible to conclude that the most important risks for maritime transport enterprises are changes in freight rates and fluctuations in oil prices; on the next rung are environmental standards, macroeconomic fluctuations, ship price fluctuations, stability of IT systems and accidents, medium risk is characterized by interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations, technological development, workforce qualifications and route changes due to geopolitical changes.