This research discusses the Design and Development of an IoT System for Monitoring and Automation of Irrigation in Agriculture to increase water use efficiency and land productivity. This system uses the ESP32 CAM as a microcontroller, YL-69 soil moisture sensor to detect moisture conditions, relay and DC pump for water flow control, and the Telegram application as a medium for monitoring and control. The test results show that the system is capable of operating in real-time to monitor soil conditions, send notifications in the form of text and photos via Telegram, and automatically activate the pump when the soil is detected to be dry and turn it off again when the soil is wet.
Amri et al. (Wed,) studied this question.