Antioxidant, toxicity, and cytotoxicity activities from dichloromethane root extract and fraction of Rhizophora stylosa Griff

Rhizophora stylosa Griff. roots contain bioactive metabolites and therapeutic potential. This study measured the antioxidants, toxicity and cytotoxicity from its dichloromethane extract and four derived fractions (RSD 1–4). The extracts showed strong antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 7.50 ppm) and toxicity (LC 50 = 31.92 ppm). Evaluation of each fraction showed that RSD 2 had the highest activity for antioxidant bioactivity with IC 50 of 45.40 ppm and toxicity with LC 50 value of 332.48 ppm. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells showed that RSD 3 had the stronger effect, followed by RSD 2 with IC 50 values of 225.50 ppm and 155.90 ppm, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that differences in antioxidant and toxicity activities among extract and fractions were significant ( P < 0.05), whereas cytotoxic activity differences were not statistically significant. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of RSD 2 identified stigmasta-3,5-diene, α-amyrin, and lupeol as major components and potentially responsible for the bioactivities. In summary, dichloromethane root extract of R. stylosa Griff. may serve as phytomedicines for breast cancer.