Globally grown and handled citrus fruits produce a lot of by-products, including pulp, seeds, and peels. Often considered agroindustrial waste, rich in significant bioactives such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, limonoids, pectin, and essential oils, these materials are now considered attractive sustainable sources. This review explores recent developments in green extraction techniques, including ultrasonic-assisted, microwave-assisted, enzyme-assisted, supercritical fluid, pressurized liquid extraction, and natural deep eutectic solvents. Key parameters like solvent type, temperature, duration, and particle size are evaluated for their influence on yield and quality. Green methods provide better selectivity, scalability, and environmental benefits than traditional approaches. Citrus-derived compounds have promise in antimicrobial packaging and cosmetics beyond their application as nutritional supplements and food preservatives. Combining intelligent optimization techniques with circular biorefinery designs indicates a bright future for citrus waste valorization. The review emphasizes the change toward environmentally friendly technology for sustained value recovery despite difficulties in cost and regulation.
Ammar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.