Objective: To highlight the impacts of the 2019 Pension Reform and its effects on the health of the Economically Active Population in Brazil. Theoretical Framework: The analysis is based on social security legislation, specifically Constitutional Amendment n. 103/2019, and on studies about population aging, worker's health, and the socioeconomic impacts of pension reforms in Brazil. Method: A quantitative, retrospective study was conducted, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Data were collected from secondary sources, such as the SmartLab Platform of the Public Ministry of Labor, the Statistical Yearbook of Social Security, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the increased exposure time to harmful agents and unhealthy environments has raised occupational illness. There has been a growth in the demand for Permanent Disability Retirement and a general increase in the demand for Disability Benefits, suggesting that the reform may overload the social security system with early retirements, contrary to the objective of actuarial balance. Research Implications: The research warns of the unforeseen consequences of the Reform of the 2019, such as increased costs for the health and social security systems due to the premature illness of the Economically Active Population. Originality/Value: The study provides a critical and updated analysis of the effects of the 2019 Pension Reform, contributing quantitative evidence on the direct impact on workers' health and the sustainability of the social security system itself, a topic of high social and economic relevance for Brazil.
Marques et al. (Mon,) studied this question.