Low-Climate Adaptation in Emergency Responses to extreme heat: Lessons from London

Abstract Extreme heat poses risks to public health, services, infrastructure, and the economy, contributing to mortality, hospital admissions, and negative mental health outcomes. While improved preparedness can prevent much of the morbidity and mortality, the UK’s emergency planning remains inadequate in addressing climate change. It also misses an opportunity to align adaptation and mitigation agendas to avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions in the design and implementation of heat risk responses. Through analysis of 28 interviews conducted with emergency responders and local government representatives in London, UK, this paper explores integrating climate adaptation into emergency planning without increasing emissions, emphasizing behavioural and nature-based solutions. Findings highlight the urgent need for integrated climate adaptation in emergency response, particularly regarding extreme heat. Participants noted significant gaps in preparedness, resources, and coordination, with vulnerable populations facing disproportionate risks. While some improvements, such as heat-health alert systems and green infrastructure, were acknowledged, efforts remain fragmented. The research emphasizes the importance of clear policy frameworks that align adaptation and mitigation, ensuring equitable, low-carbon solutions for underserved communities.