Nigeria possesses a spacious maritime space that is an important economic aspect and exposed to a complex network of criminal actions. The paper critically examines these security challenges, and they are widespread piracy, advanced kidnapping-for-ransom cases, mass oil piracy, and high economic and environmental cost of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. According to this report, the historical issue and the incapacity of the states to respond to these endemic menaces adequately, has exacerbated the problem, and thus obstructed the effectiveness of traditional security strategies. The Nigerian Navy must win the battle by transcending the conventional ways of operation and employing modern technology tactically as a force multiplier. The solutions that are presented in this paper are recommended to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). This is through the use of a multi-layered system of satellite surveillance (SAR and AIS), shore-based radar, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and safe data networks to provide real-time and overall intelligence. Additionally, it dwells on the necessity to streamline navy platforms and inject the usage of advanced cybersecurity as a way of protecting digital infrastructure. Lastly, the document presumes that technology is not an enabler, but it is fundamental in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the operations of the Nigerian Navy. With these strategic investments into these technological pillars, and the challenges that accompany it; financing and human capacity, Nigeria can significantly improve its maritime security, protect its economic interests and stability in the valuable Gulf of Guinea area.
Ali et al. (Sun,) studied this question.