Leizhou Stone Dogs: Cultural Heritage, Identity, and Conservation

This study examines the enduring significance of Leizhou stone dogs in Guangdong, China, as a vital form of intangible cultural heritage. Representing a blend of Han and Baiyue traditions, these over 10,000 sculptures historically functioned as protective totems and fertility symbols, evolving in meaning through dynastic changes and modernization. Using a mixed-methods approach—including interviews, focus groups, and a survey of 120 respondents—the research applies cultural memory theory to trace how social remembrance and intergenerational transmission have faced both disruption (e.g., the Cultural Revolution) and revitalization (since their official heritage recognition in 2008). The findings reveal a paradoxical dynamic in the contemporary era. While modernization and tourism increase the stone dogs' visibility and economic value, there's a risk of diluting ritual depth and undermining the sustainability of traditional craftsmanship, evidenced by declining youth interest in carving. Despite this, community festivals and educational programs offer hopeful paths for resilience. The study proposes actionable recommendations focused on community engagement, policy support, and educational innovation to ensure the preservation and continuity of this folk tradition amidst China's rapid transformation.