Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have revolutionized the management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps, representing a paradigm shift from traditional apexification techniques toward biologically driven regeneration. By integrating the triad of stem cells, scaffolds, and signalling molecules, REPs not only promote periapical healing but also allow continued root maturation and functional pulp-dentin regeneration. Despite encouraging clinical outcomes, variations in clinical protocols remain due to their empirical origins and evolving evidence. This review consolidates the biological foundation of REPs, case selection criteria, and current clinical approaches, while also comparing scaffold strategies and intracanal medicaments. Furthermore, it highlights reported success rates and explores future perspectives, including stem cell therapy, gene therapy, novel biomaterials, and 3D bioprinting, that may enhance predictability and long-term outcomes in regenerative endodontics.
Shobana Krishnakumar (Sat,) studied this question.