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The Assad regime, with backing from allies Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah, seemed to have survived a long civil war that began in 2011, and was beginning to emerge from regional isolation. But when Islamist forces led an offensive from their enclave in late 2024, a dynasty that had lasted five decades suddenly crumbled. Though Hafez al-Assad had brought stability to Syria, his son Bashar presided over a period of decline. Corruption hollowed out the state and Sunni grievances against the Alawite rulers grew, while a new regional order weakened the regime’s external allies. Now the country’s new Islamist rulers are gesturing at inclusive governance as they move to establish dominance.
Omar S. Dahi (Tue,) studied this question.