Africa in the global South’s future development trajectory: the role of Africa-China relations

Abstract This research examines Africa’s evolving role in the Global South’s development trajectory, focusing on its multifaceted cooperation with China as a transformative force in the global development architecture. The study is driven by the need to understand how Africa, once marginalized in global governance, is asserting agency through strategic partnerships (particularly with China) across infrastructure, trade, industrialization, health, education, and diplomacy. The objectives are to analyze the historical roots, current dynamics, and developmental impacts of Africa–China relations while assessing the extent to which these engagements align with Africa’s own priorities, as articulated in Agenda 2063 and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Key findings reveal that, despite persistent concerns around debt sustainability, environmental governance, labor practices, and political influence, Africa has increasingly leveraged Chinese cooperation to close infrastructure gaps, promote industrialization, and diversify global alliances. Importantly, African states and institutions have demonstrated growing negotiation power and strategic vision, positioning themselves not as passive recipients but as co-creators of alternative development pathways. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity, ensuring transparency and local ownership in partnerships, and fostering continental coordination. If guided by African priorities, Africa–China cooperation can help redefine South–South relations and support a multipolar, inclusive global development order.