In Vitro Study Regarding Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Response of Gingival Fibroblasts to a 3D-Printed Resin for Denture Bases

In clinical practice, the selection of dental material is a crucial factor for the final success of the treatment, regarding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Our study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a PMMA dental resin used for denture base fabrication and to investigate whether autophagy might be involved in the response of the exposed cells. In vitro tests, such as assessments of cell viability and metabolism, nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and autophagy, were conducted. The results showed that exposure to PMMA-based material decreased cell viability by 35% after 24 h and 36% after 48 h. NO levels increased by 10% after 24 h and 2% after 48 h. LDH levels increased by 8% after 24 h and 31% after 48 h. Within the limits of this present study, our results suggest a significant activation of autophagy in the exposed fibroblasts, possibly as a survival mechanism, based on the viability and cell metabolic activity results.