Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in critical illness: etiology-driven management and the role of bedside transthoracic echocardiography

LVOTO is a life-threatening yet underrecognized complication in critical care, requiring prompt and tailored management based on its diverse etiologies. Bedside TTE serves as an essential tool for rapid diagnosis, guiding targeted interventions, and optimizing outcomes in these high-risk patients. It should be stressed that almost all hypotensive patients in contemporary ICUs should receive bedside TTE as a standard of care, given its critical role in identifying underlying causes and informing timely treatment decisions.