Abstract Breaking the limitations of conventional defect engineering, this work pioneers region-specific dual-defect engineering in Bi 2 WO 6. By precisely tailoring tungsten (W) and oxygen (O) vacancies at nanoscale spatial domains-W vacancies at the edges and O vacancies at the center-a spatially asymmetric defect configuration is achieved. This configuration induces a synergistic “defect dipole” effect, amplifying the internal electric field by 2. 74 times while simultaneously enriching surface-active sites. As a result, the photocatalytic efficiency is dramatically enhanced, achieving complete oxidation of recalcitrant flotation agents-octadecylamine (ODA) and 4-dodecylmorpholine (DMP) -within just 2 h of visible light irradiation, which is 3. 6 times faster than that of pristine Bi 2 WO 6. Additionally, the generation of reactive species ({O}₂^- ⋅ O 2 −, ^1O₂ O 2 1, and h⁺) is significantly boosted by factors of 8. 98, 5. 55, and 20. 02, respectively, highlighting the material’s remarkable reactivity. Photoelectrochemical analyses reveal a remarkable 290% increase in charge separation efficiency. This enhancement is further supported by an improved O 2 adsorption capacity, which promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in the degradation process. Impressively, the engineered Bi₂W₁₋ₓO₆₋ᵧ exhibits outstanding performance in real-world industrial wastewater treatment under solar irradiation, demonstrating its practical viability. Overall, this work establishes a new paradigm in photocatalysis by integrating precise nanoscale defect engineering with enhanced electrostatic modulation.
Zhang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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