Reviewing AI in architectural computational design: Applications, opportunities, and the AI-ACD workflow for improved design integration

Applications of Artificial Intelligence AI are increasingly significant for designers across various fields, with a particular emphasis on architectural design. These applications offer support by providing relevant data and suggesting diverse design ideas. This study explores the applications of AI in the architectural computational design process, employing a mixed-review approach that combines bibliometric analysis and systematic review. The objective is to study the uncovered research area figured from the review by clarifying the primary functions of AI in all architectural design stages, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges . This study examines the application scale, methodologies, and tools of AI in architectural design. Then, it conducts a comprehensive survey of commonly used AI tools, analyzing and comparing them based on phase classification, deployment classification, scale of application, and their integration with BIM, VR, and parametric design Additionally, the study proposes an AI-powered Architectural Computational Design Process (AI-ACD), a workflow designed to aid architects in effectively incorporating AI technologies into various stages of computational architectural design processes. Afterwords the study also introduces a classification of commonly used AI tools and maps them to specific design tasks within the (AI-ACD) workflow. Multiple design scenarios and a set of core integration principles are proposed to demonstrate how AI engagement can be tailored to different levels of use and project contexts. Finally, the study presents a matrix that maps each core integration principle to the five key design stages The study demonstrates how AI-ACD, an AI-assisted workflow, enhances the architectural design process through visualization, data analysis, and optimization tools, adaptable to architecture, urban design, and heritage, ultimately boosting creativity, efficiency, and design quality.