As hydrogen emerges as a key vector in the shift toward cleaner energy systems, the evaluation of storage technologies becomes essential to support its integration across diverse applications. This work provides a comparative analysis of four hydrogen storage methods, compressed gas, metal hydrides, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and carbon-based materials, using a structured multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The evaluation is based on a comprehensive set of technical, economic, and environmental criteria, including safety, storage capacity, efficiency, cycle durability, technological maturity, environmental impact, cost, and scalability. The analysis adopts a technology-oriented perspective, focusing on the intrinsic performance and feasibility of hydrogen storage systems rather than on a detailed techno-economic optimization. The results show that metal hydrides offer the most balanced performance, driven by high volumetric capacity and solid-phase stability, followed closely by compressed hydrogen, which stands out for its technological maturity and well-established infrastructure, despite facing significant challenges related to safety and space efficiency due to high-pressure storage requirements. Carbon-based materials and MOFs, although promising in specific aspects such as safety, storage density, or material sustainability, are hindered by technological immaturity and operational limitations.
Rocío Maceiras (Mon,) studied this question.
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