Eating autonomy in final days: Terminally ill cancer patients’ experiences

Background The entitlements and rights related to eating for patients with terminal cancer have long been challenged, particularly as deteriorating health conditions may compromise their autonomy in food choices and dietary preparation. Their vulnerable situation remains poorly understood, and limited research has explored the ethical dimensions of their eating-related experiences in the context of home-based hospice care. Research aim The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of eating-related experiences in terminally ill cancer patients from an ethical perspective. Research design and participants The descriptive qualitative method was conducted to explore the eating-related experience of 11 patients with terminal cancer who receiving home-based hospice care services. Ethical considerations Approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the corresponding author’s University. Findings The following three interconnected main themes were identified in patients with terminal cancer: eating not for pleasure but as a form of torture, erosion of existential meaning in dietary restrictions, and social isolation in shared spaces. Conclusion and final considerations Patients with terminal cancer may face a dilemma as they navigate the balance between their right to enjoy food, cherish their remaining days, and sustain a desire for longevity. It is essential to consider significant ethical concerns surrounding nutrition and emphasize the patients’ needs to maintain eating autonomy, dignity, and meaningful communication until their final moments. Future research is needed to explore the ways to foster an environment where both patients and caregivers can engage in effective and equitable dialogue, thereby bridging the gap in perceptions related to eating habits and the deeper existential meanings attached to nourishment.